Disruptive innovation allows for a large segment of consumers even at the extreme bottoms of a market to access a product or service that was traditionally only available to consumers with extra money or expertise.

The Personal Computer is a typical example of a disruptive innovation.

Innovation clusters are physical regions in which interconnected firms and/or other representatives are actively involved in related ‘cutting-edge’ activities, in a dense network of social and business relationships.

To what extent has bitcoin been a product of knowledge push, demand pull, user-led, design-led or coincidental innovation? How have different innovation triggers been combined to help bitcoin reach the level of technical development and market acceptance that it has today?